Prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in psoriasis patients

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in a sample of psoriasis patients. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study of 120 individuals (60 with psoriasis and 60 control subjects) paired by gender and age for thyroid function (thyroid stimulating hormone, free T4), antithyroperoxidase and antithyroglobulin tests and physical examination. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and Nail Psoriasis Severity Index were evaluated simultaneously. Epidemiological, clinical and treatment data was collected from medical records. Patients with documented hypothyroidism and/or goiter associated with positive antithyroperoxidase antibody were considered to have Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. RESULTS: The prevalence of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in the group with psoriasis was 21.6%; in the control group, it was 4/60 (6.6%) with p=0.03 (OR=3.8; 95%CI 1.18-12.6). In the group of patients with psoriasis, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis was more common in women (p=0.002) and less common in those who had polyarticular arthropathic psoriasis (p=0.05) and plaque psoriasis (p=0.005). A logistic regression showed that the only independent variable associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was plaque psoriasis. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in psoriatic patients, especially in women. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis is less common in patients with the plaque form of psoriasis.

Encefalitis autoinmunes: Receptor anti-NMDA y nuevos inmunofenotipos / Autoimmune encephalitis. Anti-NMDA receptor and new immunophenotypes

Las encefalitis autoinmunes (EA) se definen como síndromes neurológicos de instalación subaguda de compromiso de conciencia, alteración de la memoria de trabajo y trastornos psiquiátricos frecuentemente asociados a movimientos anormales y crisis epilépticas y que se producen por la acción de anticuerpos anti neuronales específicos que se fijan a receptores de neurotransmisores o proteínas de membrana. El anticuerpo anti NMDAR es el que origina la mayoría de los casos de EA en niños y adultos jóvenes, seguido por el anticuerpo anti LGI1 de presentación en el adulto. Las EA han aumentado en la última década, en la que se ha descrito un gran número de nuevos anticuerpos que producen en su mayoría síndromes neurológicos que involucran al sistema nervioso central, con predominio de signología psiquiátrica, excepto en niños en los que predominan movimientos anormales, crisis epilépticas y compromiso de conciencia. Se asocian frecuentemente a tumores en el adulto pero en los niños esta asociación es más rara. Todas las EA responden a terapia inmunomoduladora aunque en diferente medida según el tipo de anticuerpo involucrado. Generalmente la evolución a la mejoría es lenta y puede completarse en meses o incluso en un año o más. En esta revisión se destaca los principales cuadros de EA relacionados con anticuerpos específicos mencionando también los inmunofenotipos descubiertos recientemente.

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is defined as neurological syndromes of subacute installation of compromise of consciousness, alteration of working memory and psychiatric disorders associated with abnormal movements and epileptic seizures and that are produced by the action of anti-neuronal antibodies. They bind to neurotransmitter receptors or membrane proteins. Antibody to NMDAR is the origin of the majority of cases of AD in children and young adults, followed by anti-LGI1 antibody for presentation in adults. The AE has increased in the last decade, with a large number of new agents described that produce mostly neurological syndromes that involve the central nervous system, with predominance of psychiatric signaling, except in children and the predominant abnormal movements, epileptic seizures and compromise of conscience. They are frequently associated with tumors in adults but in children this association is more infrecuent. All AEs respond to immunomodulatory therapy although in different measures depending on the type of antibody involved. In general, the evolution to improvement is slow and can be completed in months or even in one year or more. In this review, the main EA clinical pictures related to specific antibodies are highlighted, also mentioning recently discovered immunophenotypes.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis - an independent risk factor for papillary carcinoma / Hashimoto's thyroiditis - an independent risk factor for papillary carcinoma

Abstract Introduction: The link between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and thyroid carcinoma has long been a topic of controversy. Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis coexistence in histopathologic material of thyroidectomized patients. Methods: In a retrospective study, the clinicohistopathologic data of 2117 patients (1738 females/379 males), who underwent total or partial thyroidectomy for thyroid gland disorder at a single institution from the 1st of January 2005 to the 31st of December 2014 were analyzed. Results: Thyroid carcinoma was detected in 318 cases (15%) and microcarcinoma (thyroid cancer ≤10 mm in diameter) was found in permanent sections in 169 cases (8%). Hashimoto's thyroiditis was detected in 318 (15%) patients. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was significantly more often associated with thyroid carcinoma and microcarcinoma compare to benign condition (p = 0.048, p = 0.00014, respectively). Coexistence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and thyroid carcinoma/thyroid microcarcinoma did not affect tumor size (p = 0.251, p = 0.098, respectively), or tumor multifocality (p = 0.831, p = 0.957, respectively). Bilateral thyroid microcarcinoma was significantly more often detected when Hashimoto's thyroiditis was also diagnosed (p = 0.041), but presence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis did not affect bilateral occurrence of thyroid carcinoma (p = 0.731). Conclusion: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with significantly increased risk of developing thyroid carcinoma, especially thyroid microcarcinoma.

Resumo: Introdução: A relação entre a tireoidite de Hashimoto e o carcinoma de tireoide tem sido um tema de controvérsia por um longo tempo. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência da coexistência de carcinoma de tireoide e tireoidite de Hashimoto no exame histopatológico de amostras de pacientes tireoidectomizados. Método: Em um estudo retrospectivo, foram analisados os dados clinico-histopatológicos de 2.117 pacientes (1.738 mulheres/379 homens), submetidos à tireoidectomia total ou parcial por distúrbio da glândula tireoide em uma única instituição, de 1º de janeiro de 2005 a 31 de dezembro de 2014. Resultados: O carcinoma de tireoide foi detectado em 318 casos (15%) e o microcarcinoma (câncer de tireoide ≤ 10 mm de diâmetro) foi encontrado em secções permanentes em 169 casos (8%). A tireoidite de Hashimoto foi detectada em 318 (15%) pacientes e foi associada ao carcinoma da tireoide e ao microcarcinoma com maior frequência em comparação com condições benignas (p = 0,048, p = 0,00014, respectivamente). A coexistência de tireoidite de Hashimoto e carcinoma/microcarcinoma não influenciou o tamanho do tumor (p = 0,251, p = 0,098, respectivamente) ou a multifocalidade tumoral (p = 0,831, p = 0,957, respectivamente). O microcarcinoma de tireoide bilateral foi detectado com maior frequência quando a tireoidite de Hashimoto também foi diagnosticada (p = 0,041), mas a presença de tireoidite não influenciou na ocorrência bilateral de carcinoma (p = 0,731). Conclusão: A tireoidite de Hashimoto está associada a um aumento significativo do risco do desenvolvimento de carcinoma de tireoide, especialmente microcarcinoma da tireoide.

Alta frecuencia de anticuerpos anti-tiroperoxidasa (ATPO) positivos en sujetos adultos, sin patología tiroidea conocida, de Santiago de Chile / Frequency of positive anti thyroid peroxidase antibody titers among normal individuals

Background: Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies have a pathogenic role in Hashimoto thyroiditis. Between 10 and 19 percent of individuals without thyroid disease, have positive titers of these antibodies. Aim: To study the frequency of positive titers of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in healthy individuals. Material and Methods: A blood sample, to measure anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) by chemoluminiscense assay, was obtained from 67women and 62 men aged 45 ± 14years, without a personal or familiar history of thyroid diseases and normal thyroid palpation. The cutoff point of the manufacturer to consider positive a titer of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies was set at 35 IU/ml. Results: Twenty-eight women and 28 men had positive antibody titers (43 percent of the sample). Subjects in the upper tercile of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody titers had a higher TSH than those in the second tercile, although within normal limits (1.73 ± 0.74 and 1.37 ± 0.59 mlU/L, respectively p = 0.02) Conclusions: Forty three percent of the studied subjects without personal or familial history of thyroid diseases had positive titers of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Further prospective studies should evaluate whether this observation discloses an increase in thyroid autoimmune disease in a population with increased iodine intake.

Association of HTLV-I with autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and in HTLV-I carriers

There are some reports about the association of autoimmune thyroid diseases with human T cell leukemia virus type I [HTLV-I] infection. The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence rates of anti-thyroid antibodies in HTLV-I carriers and HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis [HAM/TSP] patients in Mashhad, north east of Iran, to determine any association between HTLV-I infection and Hashimoto's thyroiditis [HT. A total of 46 HTLV-I infected patients [24 patients with HAM/TSP and 22 asymptomatic carriers] and 40 HTLV-I seronegative healthy individuals were screened for the presence of thyroid autoantibodies. The diagnosis of HT was based on the presence of positive thyroid autoantibodies [Anti thyroid peroxidase and/or Anti thyroglobulin] and at least one of two additional criteria [hypothyroidism and/or goiter]. Analysis of data was done, using Fisher-Exact test by statistical software SPSS version 13.0. A P value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Positivity for thyroid autoantibodies was found in 14 [63.6%] of 22 asymptomatic carriers, 6 [25%] of 24 patients with HAM/TSP and 3 [7.5%] of 40 HTLV-I seronegative healthy individuals. HT found in 45.4% of asymptomatic carriers, 25% of HAM/TSP patients and 5% of seronegative healthy individuals. This study demonstrates a high prevalence of HT in the HAM/TSP patients and the HTLV-I carriers in Mashhad. Our findings suggest an association between HTLV-I infection and HT in our region

Carcinoma papilífero da tireoide e suas variantes histológicas associados à tireoidite de Hashimoto / Thyroid papillary carcinoma and histologic variants linked to Hashimoto disease

INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: A associação entre o carcinoma papilífero da tireoide e suas variantes e a tireoidite de Hashimoto (TH) é bastante questionada no meio científico, pois compartilham diversos aspectos morfológicos, imuno-histoquímicos e biomoleculares. Os tumores da tireoide representam mais de 90 por cento de todos os cânceres endócrinos e são caracterizados por alterações genéticas, entre as quais envolvem RET (rearranjos) e BRAS, RAS, P53 (mutações). Já a TH é uma doença autoimune, caracterizada por falência tireoidiana secundária à destruição autoimune e que apresenta alterações de genes, entre eles RET/PTC, RAS e FAS. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a associação do carcinoma papilífero da tireoide com a TH, correlacionando-os com os dados demográficos e suas variantes histológicas. MÉTODO: Realizou-se um estudo de série de 466 casos de pacientes com diagnóstico anatomopatológico de carcinoma papilífero da tireoide de 2000 a dezembro de 2008. Foram feitas aplicações de formulários aos casos, visando coletar os dados demográficos e suas variantes. RESULTADOS: O estudo apresentou uma coexistência de 30 por cento de TH em pacientes com carcinoma papilífero da tireoide. No sexo feminino, houve maior número de casos no grupo com TH, valor de p = 0,046. CONCLUSÃO: A série de casos apresentada mostrou frequência de 30 por cento de TH nos casos de carcinoma papilífero da tireoide, sugerindo uma associação, não apenas casual, que levanta a possibilidade de uma relação de causa e efeito entre tireoidite e desenvolvimento do carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The association between papillary thyroid carcinoma and its variants and Hashimoto's thyroiditis is widely questioned in the scientific area, as they both share several morphologic, immunohistochemical and biomolecular aspects. Thyroid tumors represent over 90 percent of all endocrine cancers and are characterized by genetic changes involving RET (rearrangements) and BRAS, RAS, P53 (mutations). Whereas Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease characterized by auto-immune destruction followed by thyroid failure and it presents RET/PTC, RAS and FAS alterations. This study aims to describe the association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with papillary carcinoma thyroid, correlating them with demographic data and histological variants. METHODS: It was conducted a case series study of 466 patients diagnosed with thyroid papillary carcinoma from January 2000 to December 2008. Case forms were filled up with the aim to collect demographic data and histological variants. RESULTS: The present study showed a coexistence of 30 percent of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Among female patients there was a higher number of Hashimoto's thyroiditis cases, p = 0.046. CONCLUSION: The case series study showed a frequency of 30 percent of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in cases with papillary thyroid carcinoma suggesting a noncoincidental association, which raises the possibility of a cause and effect relation between thyroiditis and carcinoma development.

Carcinoma papilífero da tireoide associado à tireoidite de Hashimoto: frequência e aspectos histopatológicos / Papillary thyroid carcinoma associated to Hashimoto's thyroiditis: frequency and histopathological aspects

INTRODUÇÃO: O carcinoma papilífero é o tipo mais comum de câncer da tireoide e a tireoidite de Hashimoto é a causa mais frequente de hipotireoidismo em áreas onde os níveis de iodo são adequados. Vários investigadores detectaram incidência aumentada de carcinoma papilífero da tireoide em pacientes com tireoidite de Hashimoto. Na rotina de diagnósticos histopatológicos há uma aparente associação entre as duas patologias. OBJETIVO: Determinar a relação entre tireoidite de Hashimoto e carcinoma papilífero de tireoide, avaliando os aspectos histomorfológicos, quando concomitantes ou apresentando-se de forma isolada. MÉTODO: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo a partir dos dados do arquivo do Serviço de Patologia do Hospital Barão de Lucena, afiliado ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) (Recife-PE), incluindo 95 casos, entre 472 cirurgias de tireoide realizadas no período de janeiro de 1995 a janeiro de 2005. RESULTADOS: Houve 35 casos (7,4 por cento) de tireoidite de Hashimoto, 48 (10,2 por cento) de carcinoma papilífero e 12 (2,5 por cento) de associação significativa (p < 0,05) dessas patologias, representando 20 por cento dos casos de carcinoma papilífero. Não houve diferença significativa quanto a idade, sexo, existência de neoplasia benigna concomitante, maior diâmetro tumoral, invasão capsular, multifocalidade e variante histológica do carcinoma papilífero, quer ocorrendo isoladamente, quer em associação à tireoidite de Hashimoto. Houve associação significante com relação à maior frequência de cápsula nos carcinomas papilíferos isolados, quando em comparação com o grupo de carcinomas papilíferos associados à tireoidite de Hashimoto. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de tireoidite de Hashimoto deve alertar para o risco de desenvolvimento de carcinoma papilífero de tireoide, já que essas patologias estiveram significativamente associadas.

INTRODUCTION: Papillary carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer and Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most frequent cause of hypothyroidism in areas where iodine levels are adequate. Several investigators have detected an increased incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In histopathological diagnosis routine, there is an apparent association between these two pathologies. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma, evaluating the histopathological aspects, when concomitantly present or isolated. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out with data from the archives of the Pathology Service at hospital Barão de Lucena, SUS (Recife-PE, Brazil), which included 95 cases amongst 472 thyroid surgeries performed from January 1995 through January 2005. RESULTS: There were 35 cases (7.4 percent) of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 48 cases (10.2 percent) of papillary carcinoma and 12 cases (2.5 percent) of significant association of these pathologies (p < 0.05), which corresponded to 20 percent of the papillary carcinoma cases. There was no significant difference as to age, gender, presence of concomitant benign neoplasia, larger tumor diameter, multifocality or histological variant of papillary carcinoma, between cases of isolated papillary carcinoma or carcinoma associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. There was a significant association concerning the higher frequency of a tumor capsule in isolated papillary carcinomas when compared with papillary carcinomas with concomitant Hashimoto's thyroiditis. CONCLUSION: The presence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis should alert to the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma development, as these diseases were significantly associated.

Caracterización clínica y funcional en pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de tiroiditis de Hashimoto en el año 2007 / Clinical and functional characterization in patients with initial diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in 2007

La tiroiditis de Hashimoto constituye una afección tiroidea autoinmune de lenta evolución, y es la primera causa de hipotiroidismo con bocio en zonas con adecuada ingesta de yodo. Identificar las características clínicas (edad, sexo, antecedentes patológicos familiares de enfermedad tiroidea y presencia de bocio), así como el estado de función tiroideo en el momento del diagnóstico de la tiroiditis de Hashimoto. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal con 41 pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de tiroiditis de Hashimoto durante el año 2007, a los cuales se les llenó un modelo de encuesta, y se les hizo examen físico del tiroides, así como dosificación de hormona estimulante del tiroides y tiroxina total. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el método porcentual y se expusieron en tablas. Se obtuvo un predominio del sexo femenino con un 78 pr ciento, y según edad y sexo el grupo más frecuente ocurrió en las mujeres de 50 a 59 años con un 29,26 por ciento. El 60,97 de los pacientes presentó antecedentes patológicos familiares de enfermedad tiroidea. Todos los pacientes presentaron bocio, y fue el más frecuente el grado 2, con un 60,97 por ciento. El 58,53 de los pacientes estaba funcionalmente eutiroideo. La tiroiditis de Hashimoto fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino y en la quinta década de la vida, la presencia de antecedentes patológicos personales fue muy frecuente, y todos los pacientes presentaron bocio en el momento del diagnóstico, más frecuente de grado 2. La mayoría de los casos tuvo una función tiroidea normal(AU)

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune thyroid affection of slow evolution and it is the first cause of hypothyroidism with goiter in zones with an adequate ingestion of iodine. To identify the clinical characteristics (age, sex, family pathological history of thyroid disease and presence of goiter), as well as the state of thyroid function at the moment of diagnosing Hashimoto's thyroiditis. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 41 patients with initial diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis during 2007. They were surveyed and they underwent a thyroid medical examination. The thyroid stimulating hormone dosage and the total thyroxin were determined. The data were analyzed by using the percentage methods, and they were exposed in tables. A predominance of the female sex (78 percent) was observed. According to age and sex, the most frequent group was the group of females aged 50-59 with 29.26 percent. 60.97 percnet of the patients had family pathological history of thyroid disease. All the patients presented goiter and the grade II was the most common, with 60.97 percent. 58.53 percent of the patients were functionally euthyroideal. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was more frequent among females and in the fifth decade of life. The presence of personal pathological history was very usual and all the patients had goiter on the diagnosis. The grade II goiter was the most observed. Most of the patients had a normal thyroid function(AU)

Prevalence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis in the urban area neighboring a petrochemical complex and a control area in Sao Paulo, Brazil

OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência populacional de tireoidite crônica autoimune (tireoidite de Hashimoto) na área vicinal ao Polo Petroquímico de Capuava comparativamente a área controle em São Bernardo Campo.CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Em ambas as áreas urbanas foram incluídos, aleatoriamente, indivíduos adultos que, de forma voluntária, concordaram em participar do estudo, estratificado por idade (20 a > 70 anos) e sexo (mulheres 80%, homens 20%). Na área Polo foram incluídos 409 indivíduos e na área controle (São Bernardo Campo) 420 pessoas (sem diferenças significativas quanto a idade e sexo). Na área Polo 15,6% apresentava sinais ecográficos e de positividade para anticorpos anti TPO, confirmando tireoidite crônica autoimune (TCA) comparativamente a 19,5% na área controle (p > 0,05, NS). A presença de hipotiroidismo foi confirmada em 4,9% da população na área Polo e 8,3% na área controle (São Bernardo Campo) (p = 0,046, significativo). No conjunto 6,63% dos pacientes com TCA apresentavam hipofunção tireóidea. A excreção urinária de iodo ultrapassou 300 mcg Iodo/L de urina em 58,5% de ambas populações. O sal coletado nas casas dos examinados apresentava concentração normal de iodo (35,5 + 6,6 mg I/Kg de sal). CONCLUSÕES: A maior prevalência de tireoidite crônica autoimune em ambas as áreas é, provavelmente, decorrente da elevada ingestão nutricional de iodo durante o quinqüênio que precedeu esta pesquisa (1998-2004). A suposta conexão epidemiológica de maior prevalência epidemiológica de TCA com vicinidade com o Polo Petroquímico de Capuava é improvável.